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The Un-Saint
Patrick, Awaiting His Due
by
Adrian Higgins
On a day when we toast Ireland and its patron saint, Patrick,
raise a glass to a lesser known Irish holy man who haunts our
shrubberies, Saint Fiacre.
Fiacre, who is the patron of gardeners, needs a bit more
recognition, after all. There will never be a Saint Fiacre's Day
Parade on Fifth Avenue. He is unlikely to get a cathedral named
after him (though novelist Georges Simenon invented the village
of Saint-Fiacre as the home town of his intrepid detective,
Inspector Maigret). Even in the crassness of the modern
marketplace, don't look for a Saint Fiacre's Day Blowout Sale
("Everything Must Grow!").
Fiacre has a couple of things against him. The first is his
name. No one seems to know quite how to pronounce it, even
members of his fan club. (The closest to a consensus is fee-ACK-ree).
The second difficulty is that as a healer, his ailment
specialties are somewhat unmentionable and include hemorrhoids.
By contrast, Saint Patrick seems much more a swashbuckler,
casting out demonic serpents and spreading the word throughout
the land by confronting the tribal chieftains in Ireland's
ancient provinces.
Fiacre was a monk who fled Ireland in the seventh century in
search of solitude and ended up in France, where the bishop of
Meaux gave him a forested site at Breuil and said he could have
as much land as he could encircle with a trench in one day, or so
the story goes. His crook turned out to be a saintly version of a
gas-powered mini-tiller, and turned the soil wherever it was
placed. This was the start of a long career in the garden.
Fiacre, like a lot of medieval monks, raised herbs for healing.
He also established a shrine for pilgrims and, like Martha
Stewart, a cell for himself.
His affinity for cultivation led to his patronage of
gardeners, but he has been upstaged in recent centuries by Saint
Francis. Better known and with a crossover gig into wildlife, the
Italian saint is now the preferred benefactor to place among the
rosemary and rue.
Terry Hershberger, the buyer of garden ornaments at Merrifield
Garden Center in Fair Oaks, said the nursery typically sells 50
Saint Francis statues a year, compared with seven or eight
Fiacres. "They look really nice hidden a little bit," he said,
"not just out in the open."
There are surprising numbers of versions of Saint Fiacre, but
because so little is known of the man, they all pretty much come
down to this: "A monk with a spade," said Peter Cilio, creative
director of Campania International, a maker of upscale garden
ornaments in Quakertown, Pa. The company sells two versions in
poured concrete, known in the trade as cast stone, one 12 inches
high and another 29 inches. "I think most people assume he's a
Saint Francis with a spade," said Cilio. "He's more of a saint
for aficionados."
In Washington, at least, Saint Fiacre seems to have more of a
following. Brandy Jones, general manager of the Greenhouse plant
nursery at the Washington National Cathedral, said customers know
of him "and want to know more." The nursery is down to two Fiacre
statues, 36 inches high and costing $237.95, and Jones will be
stocking up on more for the spring rush.
Surf the Web (Google "Saint Fiacre") and you will find a few
garish examples, including one for $39.99 made of something
called "polystone" and with a beard that appears to be writhing.
Hey, the snakes had to end up somewhere.
Perhaps the most serene and beautiful example of Saint Fiacre
is held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, which, in
addition to its main museum on Fifth Avenue, runs the Cloisters
in Fort Tryon Park in northwest Manhattan. The museum evokes the
cloistered gardens of medieval France, the sort Saint Fiacre
would have known, and it houses thousands of pieces of Gothic
art. The Saint Fiacre in its collection is a relief figure in
alabaster, made in and around Nottingham, England, in the 15th
century. It would have been displayed indoors, perhaps as an
altar panel in a church or part of a private devotional area in a
home, said curator Peter Barnet. "A lot survive -- they were
clearly very popular," he said.
Two aspects of the sculpture are striking: how little the form
of the pointed spade or shovel has changed in 600 years and the
stylized simplicity of the figure, recalling art deco. The piece
was part of the collection of American sculptor and medievalist
George Barnard, which was bought for the museum in 1925 by John
D. Rockefeller Jr.
The Cloisters doesn't have the space to display all its
artworks and the Nottingham alabaster is kept in storage. Barnet
said when the museum installs a new gallery "we might be able to
include this piece in it, but it could be a few years off."
Gothic artists tend to be anonymous. Not so the creator of
Campania International's larger Saint Fiacre, sculpted by Mary
Smith, an artist in Leesport, Pa. She has been a gardener for 40
years and tends two acres of vegetation. She wanted to form a
younger Saint Fiacre, not the graybeard that is the usual
interpretation. Hers looks to be about 30, she said, and is not
modeled on anyone else.
"I thought, this was a lifelong passion of his, working the
soil, and it would be refreshing to have a younger one," she
said. And what would gardeners with the statue gain? "I hope they
would feel the kind of peaceful, reflective mood one experiences
in a garden, and this would add to this."
Smith doesn't believe you have to be religious to want a Saint
Fiacre in your garden. "It's first and foremost a garden piece.
Most people respond to it on that level," she said.
Cilio said that after the Sept. 11 attacks there was an
increase "of devotional or religious pieces in the garden. It's
leveled off a bit. Oddly, statuary is one of the difficult
categories" compared with urns, planters and fountains. "People
just don't seem as comfortable knowing where to place it."
In a gift shop in Gualala, Calif., named Celebrations, Nancy
Spille sells a relief version of Saint Fiacre, looking as one
might imagine Friar Tuck: plump, balding and avuncular, and not
aloof and distant. "He reminds me of a teacher I had in eighth
grade," she said. "Calming, gentle."
*The Washington Post, March 17, 2005.
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